How Cognitive Biases Influence How You Think and Act

How Cognitive Biases Influence How You Think and Act Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Cognitive Biases Influence How You Think and Act By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on November 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on February 03, 2020 Verywell / Elise Degarmo More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology A cognitive bias is a systematic error in thinking that affects the decisions and judgments that people make. Some of these biases are related to memory. The way you remember an event may be biased for a number of reasons and that in turn can lead to biased thinking and decision-making. Other cognitive biases might be related to problems with attention. Since attention is a limited resource, people have to be selective about what they pay attention to in the world around them. Because of this, subtle biases can creep in and influence the way you see and think about the world. How Do Cognitive Biases Work? A cognitive bias is a type of error in thinking that occurs when people are processing and interpreting information in the world around them. The human  brain  is powerful  but subject to limitations.  Cognitive biases are often a result of your brains attempt to simplify information processing. They are rules of thumb that help you make sense of the world and reach decisions with relative speed. When you are making judgments and decisions about the world around you, you like to think that you are objective, logical, and capable of taking in and evaluating all the information that is available to you. Unfortunately, these biases sometimes trip us up, leading to poor decisions and bad judgments. Causes If you had to think about every possible option when making a decision, it would probably take a lot of time to make even the simplest choice. Because of the sheer complexity of the world around you and the amount of information in the environment, it is necessary sometimes to rely on some mental shortcuts that allow you to act quickly. Cognitive biases can be caused by a number of different things, but it is these mental shortcuts, known as  heuristics, that often play a major contributing role. While they can often be surprisingly accurate, they can also lead to errors in thinking. Social pressures, individual motivations, emotions, and limits on the minds ability to process information can also contribute to these biases. How Heuristics Help You Make Quick Decisions or Biases These biases are not necessarily all bad, however. Psychologists believe that many of these biases serve an adaptive purposeâ€"they allow us to reach decisions quickly. This can be vital if we are facing a dangerous or threatening situation. If you are walking down a dark alley and spot a dark shadow that seems to be following you, a cognitive bias might lead you to assume that it is a mugger and that you need to exit the alley as quickly as possible. The dark shadow may have simply been caused by a flag waving in the breeze, but relying on mental shortcuts can often get you out of the way of danger in situations where decisions need to be made quickly. Types Learn more about a few of the most common types of  cognitive biases that can distort your thinking. Confirmation Bias: This is favoring information that conforms to your existing beliefs and discounting evidence that does not conform.Availability Heuristic: This is placing greater value on information that comes to your mind quickly. You give greater credence to this information and tend to overestimate the probability and likelihood of similar things happening in the future.Halo Effect: Your  overall impression of a person influences how you feel and think about his or her character. This especially applies to physical attractiveness influencing how you rate their other qualities.Self-Serving Bias: This is the tendency to  blame external forces when bad things happen and give yourself credit when good things happen.  When you win a poker hand it is due to your skill at reading the other players and knowing the odds, while when you lose it is due to getting dealt a poor hand.Attentional Bias: This is the  tendency to pay attention to some things while simultaneously ignoring others . When making a decision on which car to buy, you may pay attention to the look and feel of the exterior and interior, but ignore the safety record and gas mileage.Actor-Observer Bias: This is the  tendency to attribute your own actions to external causes  while attributing other peoples behaviors to internal causes. You attribute your high cholesterol level to genetics while you consider others to have a high level due to poor diet and lack of exercise.Functional Fixedness: This is the tendency to see objects as only working in a particular way. If you dont have a hammer, you never consider that a big wrench can also be used to drive a nail into the wall. You may think you dont need thumbtacks because you have no corkboard on which to tack things, but not consider their other uses. This could extend to peoples functions, such as not realizing a personal assistant has skills to be in a leadership role.Anchoring Bias:  This is the tendency to rely too heavily on the very first piece of information you learn. If you learn the average price for a car is a certain value, you will think any amount below that is a good deal, perhaps not searching for better deals. You can use this bias to set the expectations of others by putting the first information on the table for consideration.Misinformation Effect: This is the  tendency for post-event information to interfere with the memory of the original event.  It is easy to have your memory influenced by what you hear about the event from others. Knowledge of this effect has led to a mistrust of eyewitness information.False Consensus Effect:  This is the tendency to overestimate how much other people agree with you.Optimism Bias:  This bias leads you to believe that you are less likely to suffer from misfortune and more likely to attain success than your peers.The Dunning-Kruger Effect: This is when people believe that they are smarter and more capable than they really are when they cant recognize their own incompetence. Cognitive Bias vs. Logical Fallacy People sometimes confuse cognitive biases with logical fallacies, but the two are not the same. A logical fallacy stems from an error in a logical argument, while a cognitive bias is rooted in thought processing errors often arising from problems with memory, attention, attribution, and other mental mistakes.

Essay On Daisy In The Great Gatsby - 763 Words

Daisy, a main character in the book The Great Gatsby is considered a â€Å"exploiterâ€Å". Somebody who is an exploiter marries a â€Å"lover’’ for their wealth so they can leech off their riches. Daisy leeched off Tom and Gatsby’s wealth by abusing their love for her. The color yellow, the color of Daisy’s hair can represent destructive power or death. The color yellow represents death because Daisy led on Gatsby which eventually led to his death , he died chasing his unreachable dream , Daisy. Daisy had previous a relationship with Gatsby , but was lured in the Toms wealth. Toms wealth also made Daisy’s parents approve of him as a suitable husband. Daisy truly did not love Tom , nor did she love Gatsby , but in the book she â€Å"played† them both Daisy†¦show more content†¦Tom , Daisy’s current husband stole her from Gatsby by gaining the acceptance of her parents by giving daisy a 2 million dollar necklace showing off his wealth. This two million dollar necklace exemplifies her want for wealth , she chose money over true love. Her choice of money over love was a bad decision because once they married and there honeymoon was over Tom began to cheat on her. Tom was cheating because he was bored, he was â€Å"one of those men who reach such an acute limited excellence at twenty-one that everything afterword savors of anticlimax.†(6).It is not told in the book that Daisy was aware of what Tom was doing but it can be inferred that she knew from the following quotes. Daisy chose money over love because she didnt have much money or status at the time but if she married Tom she could have everything she ever dreamed of except love. She married Tom to achieve the upper class social status so she could live Bli theful life at the expense of others . â€Å"She married Tom Buchanan without as much as a shiver† (74) to achieve her dream of wealth.This dream of wealth is detrimental to the lives and well being of others, for example after she killed Myrtle it made Nick realize how sick and twisted these people are , this realization made Nick sick â€Å"I was feeling a little sick and wanted to be alone†(142). Tom and Gatsby both were once lovers of daisy who used their wealth to attract her. When you marryShow MoreRelated Daisy Buchanan : The Great Gatsby Essay991 Words   |  4 PagesBehind every great man is a beautiful, charming maiden who holds his heart. What if this woman was not absorbed with taking care of his heart but was completely absorbed with money, reputation, and her own needs. In Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, Mrs. Daisy Fay Buchanan is the object of affection or the rock of [Gatsbys] world.(99) All Daisys life she has wanted to be noticed, to be heard, and to be loved. However, when everything she has always wanted is being held in her handsRead MoreTom and Daisy in The Great Gatsby Essay831 Words   |  4 Pages Tom and Daisy, they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together and let other people clean up the mess they made. To what extent do you agree or disagree with these statements? These statements are the only times in the book in which Nick Carraway praises Jay Gatsby or speaks down of Tom, Daisy and Jordan Baker. Throughout the book, he had been trying to keep Daisy and Gatsby apart, soRead More Daisy in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesDaisy in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Throughout the novel The Great Gatsby, by F. 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An act that is naà ¯ve and normal in one society can be a public disgrace in another. Then a question comes to mind: What is innocence? Challenging the norms of a society makes a person totally wicked? What spoils or preserves innocence? The word innocenceRead MoreEssay on The Corruption of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby1302 Words   |  6 Pages On April 10, 1925 F. Scott Fitzgerald published The Great Gatsby, a novel that would later become one of the best known pieces of classic literature in history. However, at the time of its publication, Gatsby was fairly unpopular ad the reviews were never consistent. As shocking as it may seem, I believe it is because Fitzgerald’s intelligence and creativity levels were way ahead of his time, which is evident when one pays close attention to the themes of the novel. 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Throughout the story, we follow multiple relationships, but focus is on the single relationship between Gatsby and Daisy. This relationship, however, fails toRead More Criticism of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesCriticism of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald      Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald creates an artificial world where money is the object of everyones desire.   The characters, the setting, and the plot are very deeply submerged in a Capitalism that ends up destroying many of them.   Fitzgeralds criticism of Capitalism can be seen as a move to subtly promote Socialism, an ideology in which value is placed on the inherent value of an object rather than its market value.   In

Online Bullying Is Still Bullying - 1687 Words

Tyler Anzalone Professor Williams Research Paper 29 October 2015 Online Bullying is still Bullying For those who have been affected by the powerful outcomes of bullying, or have family, friends or peers who have been bullied, then it is known that it is a outrageous type of harassment. Bullying comes in all different shapes and sizes. It doesn t matter the type of situation it is still wrong. The issue of bullying has been discussed throughout schools across the nation and most of the time it is only addresses physical, verbal and relational bullying. Cyberbullying is often forgotten, especially if a school is not up to date on all the different types of social media that it can occur on. We learn a lot of about cyberbullying and how all the posts you share are viewed by hundreds of people from Orenstein’s essay in Rereading America. Many schools in the United States have attempted to stop cyberbullying but are having trouble because most parents do not know how much harm their children make on social media. Bullying happens everywhere: wor k places, schools, stores and anywhere that has a immature presence. I believe parents need to be more on top of their children’s social media accounts, and this could prevent most cyberbullying from occurring. In Orenstein’s essay, â€Å"Just Between You, Me and My 622 BFFS† we are pulled in to learn how everything you say on social media can be shared with hundreds of people, and this is one of the main reasons bullying occursShow MoreRelatedIs Bullying A Serious Problem?1176 Words   |  5 PagesHundreds of years bullying has been going on, how long will it finally stop? In the United States Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people, resulting in about 4,400 deaths per year, according to the CDC. 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As a parent, you may not r ealize that your child is beingRead MoreCyber Bullying1455 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Bullying Issues 1 Bullying Issues: Cyber bullying vs. Traditional Bulllying Horache Allen Compostion1 Jan 29, 2013 Bullying Issues 2 Bullying Issues: Cyber Bullying vs. Traditional Bullying Are you a victim of cyber bullying? Or were you theRead MoreProtecting Youself and Others from Cyberbullying1835 Words   |  7 Pagesaround the world, come those who seem to make it their lifes mission to bring harm to others through a technological platform. The current state of cyber bullying is the worst it had ever been, because of not only the growth in what people are harassed for online, but because it often extends outside of the electronic world. Inasmuch, cyber bullying has grown so much larger than its ever been, and will probably continue to do so. In the same manner, what the victims are subjected to has been changingRead MoreCyber-bullying Bullying has been happening for generation after generation. Today’s society700 Words   |  3 PagesCyber-bullying Bullying has been happening for generation after generation. Today’s society made possible to bully people without being face to face. This type of bullying is called cyber-bullying. Teenagers uses theirs electronics advices as weapons to attack other people with hurtful things though the use of text messaging or social networking websites. Cyber-bullying can â€Å"damage a person emotionally† (Media). It can also make them have low self-esteem. In our society today, cyber-bullyingRead MoreIs Bullying A Serious Problem?1683 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of the Problem Bullying has been an ongoing problem all over the world for as long as people can remember. 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Due to the increasing rates of cyber bullying related suicides and mass shootings, paren ts are naturally becoming more concerned for their children’s safetyRead MoreThe Necessity of Anti Bullying Laws1381 Words   |  6 PagesBullying can lead to many unwanted, harmful consequences for both the t victim and tbe perpetrator. There are many actions that are considered bullying as well as many different types of bullying, yet bullying laws already in place seem to be only consider specific types of bullying. If more thorough laws were put into place, instances of bullying would decrease to some degree. Therefore, the state or federal government should put bullying prevention laws into place. Bullying can take place inRead MoreBullying and the Internet Technology is and will be constantly changing, because of this cyber1500 Words   |  6 PagesBullying and the Internet Technology is and will be constantly changing, because of this cyber bullying is becoming more of a problem. 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Power Theft Detection Free Essays

1. INTRODUCTION The automatic meter reading(AMR) system as become a necessity for most suppliers as deregulation, free customer choice and open market competition occur in the energy supply sector. Power line communication has many new service possibilities on the data transferring via power lines without use extra cables. We will write a custom essay sample on Power Theft Detection or any similar topic only for you Order Now AMR is a very important application in these possibilities due to every user connected each other via modems using power lines. AMR is a technique to facilitate remote readings energy consumption. Improving the electrical power supply to households as a big issue. The government has set a specific goal to raise the distribution rate of electrical power supply, which is now around 70% to 80% to 100%. Power companies are plagued by power theft. PLC will play an important role in placing anti-theft power system. Illegal electricity may be a serious problem in many countries . This problem has been attempted to be resolved by special skills of humans, such as the police special security etc. These method could not give optimum solution due to their impracticalities. Similar essay: Essay About Snatch Theft Meter reading has been applied by humans and some electronics solutions such as optical reading methods, creditable utilization of electrical energy etc. Many chips which can be used for digital energy metering and PLC modems. The problem of illegal usage of electricity must be solved electronically, without any human control. 2. POWER THEFT Electrical power by altering, slowing, resetting, swapping, or disconnecting an electric meter. Theft also may occur by rewiring circuits to avoid an electric meter, or by tapping into another customer’s electrical lines. The fraudster might use devices to program the theft of power only during certain periods of theday or week. A fraudster may rewire their property to illegally use power from cheaper sources of power, or from meters that are billed at lower rates. The fraudster risks electrocution and detection. Field employees of the power company are trained to spot problems that result in persons not being billed for all the electricity they use. Computerized billing systems are designed to detect erratic electricity use Fig No 2. 1 3. PLC installATION. Power meters with PLC  modules will be installed near the top of the power polls. Previously, it was enough to install power meters in high places, not in low places such as the house wall, to prevent users from using power illegally by connecting cables, or by using tampered meters. However, by doing so, the homeowners themselves cannot check how much electricity was used. Therefore, PLC  technology was chosen. Meters installed in high places will send data of the used amount to each household through power lines. Homeowners can then check the amount used on the displays installed in each house. This means that the measurement function and the display function of the meters will be separated. [pic] Fig No3. 1 †¢Ã‚  Power theft is prevented by installing  HD-PLC-mounted power meters on a high position on power polls, while the amount of power used in each household can still be checked Each power meter is connected to an optical fiber network, and information of the amount used by each household is sent to the power companies. If the power companies find that a payment is delinquent, they can remotely stop the power supply by controlling the meters through the optical fiber network. In this way,  HD-PLC  and optical fiber networks enable power companies to prevent power theft, and to grasp the actual amount of power consumed by district or by each household in real time, and also to control the amount of power supply. The waste of power can also be reduced, another big advantage. Furthermore, wide spread use of the power meters with  HD-PLC  modules is expected to reduce regional disparities in information, or the ‘digital divide’. 4 . DETECTION OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY USAGE 4. 1 Methods Of Illegal Electricity Usage: In illegal usage, a subscriber illegally use electricity in following ways: 4. 1. 1 Using the mechanical objects: A subscriber can use some mechanical objects to prevent the revolution of a meter, so that disk speed is reduced and the recorded energy is also reduced. 4. 1. 2 Using a fixed magnet: A subscriber can use a fixed magnet to change the electromagnetic field of the current coils. As is well known , the recorded energy proportional to electromagnetic field. 4. 1. 3. Using the external phase before meter terminals: This method gives subscribers free energy without any record. . 1. 4. Switching the energy cables at the meter connector box: In this way ,the current does not pass through the current coil of the meter, so the meter does not record the energy consumption. Although all of the methods explained above may be valid for electromechanical meters, only the last two methods are valid for digital meters. 5. DESCRIPTION ON PLC Most economically viable technology for transfer ring Meter data to DCU. Uses the technique of communicating the data over existing Electrical Lines which carry LT power to the site. PLC is a kind of communication technology, which uses Medium Voltage(MV) and Low Voltage(LV) distribution network as the communication media to implement transmission of data, voice and real time image. The components involved in PLC are the; 1. Power Line Carrier Unit which provides signal transmission and reception. 2. There is a Coupler used for â€Å"clamping† around a live wire thus injecting the communication signals into the power line. 3. PLC modem 5. 1 The monitoring system mainly has the following functions: 1. Remote meter-reading 2. Data acquisition 3. Thread PLC transmissions are synchronized to the zero crossing point of the AC power line. It should be transmitted as close to the zero crossing point i. e. within 200 ? s. Square wave with a max Delay of 100 ? s from the zero crossing point The maximum delay between signal envelope input and 120KHz output bursts is 50 ? s. Therefore, it should be arranged that outputs to the within 50 ? s. 5. 2 CODE TRANSMISSION: A Binary 1 is represented by a 1 ms burst of 120 KHz the zero crossing point and a Binary 0 by the absence of 120 KHz. Therefore only the 1 ms â€Å"envelope† need be applied to their inputs. These 1 millisecond bursts should actually be transmitted three times to coincide with the zero crossing points of all three phases in a three phase distribution system. 6. DIFFERENT COUPLING UNITS. [pic] 7. DEFINITION ON AMR AMR(AUTOMATIC REMOTE READING) automates the process of measurement through digital communication techniques. Bring â€Å"intelligence† into the revenue cycle and manage it: The revenue cycle includes metering, billing operating, customer and the services. 7. 1 ADVANTAGES: 1. Smart automated process instead of manual work. 2. Accurate information from the network load to optimise maintenance and investments . Customized rates and billing dates. 4. Streamlined high bill investigations. 5. Detection of tampering of Meters. 6. Accurate measurement of transmission losses. 7. Better network performance and cost efficiency. 8. Demand and distribution management. 9. More intelligence to business planning 10. Better company credibility. 8. DETECTION AND CONTROL SY STEM The proposed control system for the detection of illegal electricity usage is: [pic] FIG. 8. 1 PLC signaling is only valid over the low voltage -220VAC power lines. The system should be applied to every low-voltage distribution network. The system given in fig 7. 1 belongs only one distribution transformer network and should be repeated for every distribution network. Although the proposed system can be used uniquely, it is better to use it with automatic meter reading system. If the AMR system will be used in any network, the host PLC unit and a PLC modem for every subscriber should be contained in this system. In fig7. 1 the host PLC unit and other PLC modems are named PLC1A,†¦. ,PLCNA and are used for AMR. These units provide communication with each other and send the recorded data in kilowatthour meters to the PLC unit. In order to detect illegal usage of electrical energy, a PLC modem and an energy meter chip for every subscriber are added to an existing AMR system. As given in fig1, PLC1B,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦,PLCNB and energy meter chips belong to the detector. The detector PLC’s and energy meters must be placed at the connection point between distribution main lines and subscriber’s line. 8. 1 ADVANTAGE OF THIS SYSTEM : Most economically viable technology for transferring Meter data to DCU. Uses the technique of communicating the data over existing Electrical Lines which carry LT power to the site. Since the connection point is usually in the air or at underground, it is not suitable for anyone to access, such that its control is easy. It is very economical and is reliable solution when it is compared with the economical loss caused by illegal usage. 8. 2 CONDITIONS FOR THIS DETECTION AND CONTROL: PLC signaling must be in CENELAC standards. CENELAC has formed the standard in which the frequency bands, signaling levels, and procedure are specified. 3-9 khz are restricted for use by electricity suppliers, and 95-148. 5khz are restricted to consumer use. The signal level for the band 95-148. khz is limited as follows. For general use ,the signaling level is limited to 116db µV. 9. DETECTION The recorded data in kilowatt hour meters for every subscriber are sent to host PLC modem via PLC modems which are placed in subscribers locations. On the other hand energy meter chips are located in connection point and read the enrgy in kilowatthours and also send the data to host PLC unit. This proposed detector system as two recorded energy data in host PLC unit, one which comes from the AMR-PLC, and the other which comes from the PLC at the connection points. These two recorded energy data are compared in the host PLC; if there is any difference between two readings an error signal is generated. This means that there is an illegal electricity usage in the network. After that, the subscriber address and error signal are combined and sent to the central control unit. If it is, requested, a contacter may be included to the system at location to turn off the energy automatically, as in the case of illegal usage 10.. ILLEGAL DETECTOR SYSTEM FOR ONE SUBSCRIBER [pic] Fig No 10. 1 11. SYSTEM SIMULATION AND MODELLING OF THE DETECTION SYSTEM OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY USAGE FOR ELECTROMECHANICAL KILOWATTHOUR METERS [pic] Figure 11. 1 A host PLC modem, an energy meter chip and its PLC modem, an electromechanical kilowatthour meter and its PLC modem, and an optical reflector sensor system are loaded at the same phase of the power grid. The energy value at the electromechanical kilowatthour meter is converted to digital data using optical reflector sensor. Disk speed of the kilowatthour meter is couted and obtained data is sent to PLC modem as energy value of the kilowatthour meter. At the system model, an illegal load may be connected to the power line before the kilowatthour meter via an S switch. While only a legal load is in the system, two meters are accorded each other to compensate for any error readings. The host PLC unit reads two recorded data coming from metering PLC units. If the S switch is closed ,illegal load is connected to the system. , and therefore two recorded energy values are different from each other. The host PLC unit is generated when it received two different records from the same subscriber. This is the detection of the illegal usage for interested users. In these, the tests, the carrier frequency is selected at 132khz, which is permitted in the CENELAC frequency band. In real application, the AMR system may be designed in all CENELAC bands. The data rate between the host and the other PLC modem is 2400b/s. Data signaling between PLC modems has a protocol which includes a header, address, energy value data, error correction bits, and other serial communication bits such as parity and stop bits. The protocol may also be changed according to the properties of the required system and national power grid architecture. In the digital energy meter system, the recorded energy may be received in the digital form directly using the port of the meter. Therefore, there is no need for an optical reflector system in digital meters. 12. AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED DETECTOR SYSTEM The proposed detector system is the equipment and procedure for controlling more remote stations from a master control station. It includes PLC modems, energy meters, control logics, and the system software . 12. 1 PLC MODEMS: These used for two way communication to and from the host station and the remotely controlled targets. 12. 2 ENERGY METER AND CONTROL LOGIC: Energy meter includes metering chip, and some circuit element. control and logic units compare and generate the error signal in the illegal usage. 12. 3 SYTEM SOFTWARE: Assembler program for the microcontroller and the operating software for the management of the overall system. Operator software may be downloaded from a PC and should be placed in the main center of the system. 13. AN AMR SYSTEM FOR AN ILLEGAL DETECTOR PERFORMS THE FOLLOWING FUNCTONS: 1) 1Every user has two PLC modems; one is for AMR and the other is used to send the data from second energy meter chip to host PLC modem. ) An energy meter must be connected in the connection box between a home line and main power lines. 3) The host PLC unit must be placed in the distribution transformer and the configuration of the addressing format of PLC signaling must be designed carefully. 4. The host PLC modem and its controller must include two addresses per every user: one is the AMR and the other for the energy meter. These two addresses must be selected sequentially. 5. Operating software must designed for the information of every subscriber in every sub power network: subscriber identification number, billing address etc. . The system has two values of energy consumption for every user, so if there is a difference between them an error signal is generated for the illegal user. 7. The proposed equipment is the only one distributed in the power network. So this system should be repeated for all distribution power networks. All host units in each distribution transformer maybe connected only one main center station via phone lines, fibre optic cable or RF links. 14. CONCLUSION A detector system to determine illegal electricity usage via power line communication is designed and proposed. The proposed system is examined in laboratory conditions. Obtained results from this study show that if the AMR and detector system are used together, illegal usage of electricity may detected. The system functions with real-time monitoring users and burden forecast, which uses MVLV PLC as its transmission media. The system is integrated with power management and burden control. Under power theft, the relay is switched off isolating the area of power theft from the EB side . LCD display also indicates power theft. Energy regulation does not epresent an obstacle, since PLC service does not affect the power supply and maintains separate accounts from the core utility business. Once this proposed system is tried in real power lines, the distribution losses can be reduced effectively. 15. REFERENCE [1]Hakki Cavdar, †A solution to remote detection of illegal electricity usage via power line communication†, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery,vol. 19,no. 4,Oct 2004. [2] T. Y. Lim and T. W. Chan, â€Å"Experimenting remote kilowatt hour meter through low voltage power lines at dense housing areas†, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 17, pp708-711,july 2002. [3] J. Newbury and W. Miller,† Multiprotocol routing for automatic remote using power line carrier systems†, IEEE Trans. Power delivery,vol. 16 pp 1-5,Jan 2001. ABSTARCT Power Line Communication (PLC) presents an interesting and economical solution for automatic meter reading (AMR). If an AMR system via PLC is set in a power delivery system, a detection system for illegal electricity usage may be easily added in the existing PLC network. In the detection system, the second digitally energy meter chip is used and the value of energy is stored. The recorded energy is compared with the value at the main kilowatt-hour meter. In the case of difference between two recorded energy data, in error signal is generated and transmitted via PLC network. The detector and control system is proposed. The architecture of the system and their critical components are given. This report describes a prototype of the detector system for illegal electricity usage using the power lines. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am thankful to Prof. Sukumaran P R ,Head of the Department for providing me with the facilities for the seminar. I would also express my sincere gratitude to Mrs. Rajashree Raghavan ,for her guidance and mere cooperation for preparing and presenting the seminar. Above all I thank all the faculties of the EEE Department and my friends for their moral support and encouragement. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION01 2. WHAT IS POWER THEFT? 02 3. How is PLC installed ? 03 4. DETECTION OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY USAGE04 5. DESCRIPTION ON PLC:05 6. DETECTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM07 7. ILLEGAL DETECTOR SYSTEM FOR ONE SUBSCRIBER:10 8. SYSTEM SIMULATION AND MODELLING OF THE DETECTION SYSTEM OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY USAGE FOR ELECTROMECHANICAL KILOWATTHOUR METERS11 9. AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED DETECTOR SYSTEM:13 10. CONCLUSION:15 11. REFERENCE16 How to cite Power Theft Detection, Essay examples

Club Objective in Gym Facility free essay sample

Member Communication Budget Management Department Management Facility Upkeep Club Objective Our mean goal is to identify the skill and competencies that a fitness professional needs in order to be a successful in fitness owner, or department manager. How to operate a successful business in the fitness industry. Teaching them how business concepts, including purchasing, contractual agreements, risk management and negligence, and other fiscal concerns in fitness facility. Identify how to influences consumers and creates fitness services and cooperating with the customers relationship. Mostly using of sales techniques explore the profession as a potential career by using experience on the field internship and with available resources. Some of the objectives in managing gym facilities are. We need to plan what equipment will be more useful in the gym facility for costumers. You need to make sure the costumers feel comfortable in your facilities and everything there is well organize and clean. We need to do things that will attract them more, for them to always come to your facility. We will write a custom essay sample on Club Objective in Gym Facility or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Treating your employees well and your costumers and providing client with good services. Advertising on TV’s, radios and making your cards and available to give it out. Organizing the employees and making sure they doing what are right. Try to listen to your costumers when they bring some ideas of things you need in your gym facilities. You have to help your costumers reach their fitness objectives. The manager works with the membership department to increase monthly goals for new memberships and comes up with ways to better retain current members. We have to spend a lot of time developing personal training to increase its revenue. Interviewing Christian Kettman gym facility she made me know that to get to your goals hire two new trainers 175 clients on contract by the New Year. Education is the secret weapon; all staff must be certified in   and must easily communicate with all clients and staff. The hiring process is most important in the industry it is all about team work and making complete strangers feel comfortable sweating in front of one another. And again to be an owner or reach your objectives sweat, tears and a constant motivation to keep going forward and be passionate about health and fitness by all means.

Symbolism In Great Gatsby Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Symbolism In Great Gatsby Essay, Research Paper Symbolism in the Great Gatsby Cary L. Pannell Eng. 206 Mrs. Sanders 20 May 1997 Symbolism in The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a fresh about one adult male # 8217 ; s disillusion with the American dream. In the narrative we get a glance into the life of Jay Gatsby, a adult male who aspired to accomplish a place among the American rich to win the bosom of his true love, Daisy Fay. Gatsby # 8217 ; s ruin was in the fact that he was unable to find that concealed boundary between world and semblance in his life. The Great Gatsby is a tightly structured, symbolically compressed novel whose prevailing images and symbols reinforce the thought that Gatsby # 8217 ; s dream exists on borrowed clip. Fitzgerald absolutely understood the insufficiency of Gatsby # 8217 ; s romantic position of wealth. At a immature age he met and fell in love with Ginevra King, a Chicago miss who enjoyed the wealth and societal place to which Fitzgerald was ever drawn. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism In Great Gatsby Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After being rejected by Ginevra because of his lower societal standing, Fitzgerald came off with a sense of societal insufficiency, a deep injury, and a yearning for the miss beyond attainment. This letdown grew into misgiving and enviousness of the American rich and their life style. These personal feelings are expressed in Gatsby. The rich typify the failure of a civilisation and the manner of life and this defect becomes evident in the characters of Tom and Daisy Buchanan. Nick Carraway, the storyteller of the narrative, rapidly became disillusioned with the upper societal category after holding dinner at their place on the stylish East Egg Island. # 8220 ; Nick is forced unwillingly to detect the violent contrast between their opportunities- what is implied by the gracious surface of their existence- and the seamy bottom which is it # 8217 ; s world # 8221 ; ( Way 93 ) . In the Buchanans, and in Nick # 8217 ; s reaction to them, Fitzgerald shows us how wholly the American up per category has failed to go an nobility. The Buchanans represent cowardliness, corruptness, and the death of Gatsby # 8217 ; s dream Gatsby, unlike Fitzgerald himself, neer discovers how he has been betrayed by the category he has idealized for so long. For Gatsby, the failure of the rich has black effects. Gatsby # 8217 ; s desire to accomplish his dream leads him to West Egg Island. He purchased a sign of the zodiac across the bay from Daisy # 8217 ; s place. There is a green visible radiation at the terminal of Daisy # 8217 ; s dock that is seeable at dark from the Windowss and lawn of Gatsby # 8217 ; s house. This green visible radiation is one of the cardinal symbols of the novel. In chapter one, Nick observes Gatsby in the dark as he looks yearningly across the bay with weaponries stretched outward toward the green visible radiation. It becomes evident, as the narrative progresses that # 8220 ; the whole being of Gatsby exists merely in relation to what the green visib le radiation symbolizes This first sight, that we have of Gatsby, is a ritualistic tableau that literally contains the significance of the completed book # 8221 ; ( Bewley 41 ) . A broader definition of the green visible radiation # 8217 ; s significance is revealed in Chapter 5, as Gatsby and Daisy stand at one of the Windowss in his sign of the zodiac. # 8220 ; If it wasn # 8217 ; T for the mist we could see your place across the bay, # 8221 ; said Gatsby. # 8220 ; You ever have a green visible radiation that burns all dark at the terminal of your dock. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Daisy put her arm through his suddenly, but he seemed absorbed in what he had merely said. Possibly it had occurred to him that the colossal significance of that visible radiation had vanished everlastingly. Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy it has seemed really near to her, about touching her. It had seemed so near as a star to the Moon. Now it was once more a green visible radiation on a dock. His count of enchanted objects has diminished by one # 8221 ; ( Fitzgerald 94 ) . Gatsby had believed in the green visible radiation, it made his dream seem come-at-able. Upon run intoing Daisy once more, after a five-year separation, Gatsby discovers that sometimes achieving a coveted object can convey a sense of loss instead than fulfilment. It is when Gatsby makes this find that the green visible radiation is no longer the cardinal image of a great dream, but merely a green visible radiation at the terminal of a dock. The most obvious symbol in The Great Gatsby is a waste land called the Valley of Ashes, a dumping land that lies between East and West Egg and New York City. Symbolically # 8220 ; the green chest of the new universe # 8221 ; ( Fitzgerald 182 ) becomes this Valley of Ashes. As the semblances of young person give manner to the disenchantment of the mid-thirtiess, so green hopes give manner to the dust of letdown. Certainly Gatsby # 8217 ; s dr eams turn to ashes ; and it is dramatically appropriate that the keeper of the Valley of Ashes, Geor Ge Wilson, should be Gatsby’s liquidator. That Wilson is the death of Gatsby’s dream- and that the dream gives manner to ashes- is made clear through descriptive item. Over the bare country, known as the Valley of Ashes, brood the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg. â€Å"Gatsby is a sort of T. J. Eckleburg ; he has created a God like image of himself, but the image is doomed- the dream will turn to dust- and like Eckleburg, Gatsby besides has juncture to brood over the ashes of the yesteryear, over the grave dumping land of worn out hopes† ( Lehan 121 ) . The decease of Gatsby comes ironically from George Wilson’s entire misinterpretation of the universe from which the Buchanans and Myrtle come. The eyes of Dr. Eckleburg, dwelling over the Valley of Ashes, go what is left of the Son of God Gatsby has imagined himself to be. As the novel stopping points, the experience of Gatsby and his broken dream go the focal point of that historic dream for which he stands. I n the concluding ideas of the novel, Fitzgerald would wish the reader to see a much broader image of the theme- a vision of America as the continent of lost artlessness and lost semblances. He compares Gatsby’s experience to that of the Dutch Sailors who foremost came to Long Island and had an good continent before them. As Nick lies on the beach in forepart of Gatsby’s place, his last dark in the East, he contemplates this idea, â€Å"I became cognizant of the old island that flowered one time for Dutch sailor’s eyes – a fresh green chest of the new universe. It’s vanished trees, the trees that had made manner for Gatsby’s house, had one time pandered in susurrations to the last and greatest of all human dreams ; for a transitory enchanted minute adult male must hold held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last clip in history with something commensurate to his capacity for admiration. I thought of Gatsby’s admiration when he foremost picked out the green visible radiation at the terminal of Daisy’s dock. He had come a long manner to this bluish lawn, and his dream must hold seemed so near he could barely neglect to hold on it. He did non cognize that it was already behind him† ( Fitzgerald 182 ) . Gatsby’s illustriousness was to hold retained a sense of admiration every bit deep as the sailor’s on that first landfall. Gatsby’s calamity was to hold had, non a continent to inquire at, but merely a green visible radiation at the terminal of Daisy’s Dock and the pettiness of Daisy herself. The development of such pettiness was Gatsby’s peculiar calamity and the calamity of America. Gatsby fades into the past forever to take his topographic point with the Dutch crewmans who had chosen their minute in clip so much more merrily than he. By the stopping point of the novel, Fitzgerald has wholly convinced the reader that Gatsby’s capacity for semblance is touching and heroic, despite the ineptitude of the objects of his dreams. It is through uniting immaculate prowess with symbolism that Fitzgerald paints a graphic image of the dream destined to neglect because it’s footing was semblance. non reality The Great Gatsby Cary L. Pannell Eng. 206 Rough bill of exchange of Final Word Count 1328 Thesis: The Great Gatsby is a tightly structured, symbolically compressed novel in which prevailing images and symbols reinforce the thought that Gatsby’s dream exists on borrowed clip. I. American Rich symbolize the failure of a civilisation. A. Fitzgerald # 8217 ; s feelings toward affluent B. Nick # 8217 ; s letdown with Buchanans C. Rich fail as nobility D. Gatsby betrayed by category he idealized II. Green visible radiation symbolizes hope. A. Gatsby # 8217 ; s being important to symbolism of green visible radiation. B. Green light ceases to be an enchanted object. III. Most obvious symbol is Valley of Ashes. A. Hope gives manner to dust of letdown. B. Death and devastation of dreams lie among ashes. C. T.J. Eckelberg # 8217 ; s eyes are God-like symbol. IV. America the continent of lost artlessness and semblances. A. Gatsby # 8217 ; s experience compared to Dutch crewmans. B. Gatsby # 8217 ; s calamity was pettiness of Daisy. Decision: Symbolism and prowess paint a graphic image of a dream destined to neglect. Bewley, Marius. # 8220 ; Scott Fitzgerald and the Collapse of the American Dream. # 8221 ; Modern Critical Views F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. 1985. p. 41. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Charles Scribner # 8217 ; s Sons. 1925 Lehan, Richard D. # 8220 ; The Great Gatsby. # 8221 ; F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Craft of Fiction. Chicago: Southern Illinois University Press. 1966. p. 121. Way, Brian. # 8220 ; The Great Gatsby. # 8221 ; Modern Critical Interpretations F. Scott Fitzgerald # 8217 ; s The Great Gatsby. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. 1986. p. 93.

philadelphia essays

philadelphia essays Jonathan Demme did not choose to call this movie Andys struggle, or prejudice against gays. Instead he decided to name the film after one of Americas most proud and famous cities, Philadelphia. He chose to do it like this because it is not a story about one man and it is not a story about gays. It is a story about society and how back in 1993, we were ignorant to the HIV virus and we thought of gays and homosexuals as lesser people. Never before had any director attempted to portray this issue in a film, but it was a long over due theme that needed to be addressed. And Mr. Demme portrayed this message wonderfully through the use of complex characters. He used their transformation throughout the film and character arcs to show how we as a society acted towards this serious issue and as the story progressed, we began to see just how ignorant we all were. The story begins with the director taking us through the streets of Philadelphia while the ever so talented Bruce Springsteens streets of Philadelphia plays softly in the background. Once the short introduction comes to an end, this is when we meet our two protagonists, Andrew Beckett (played by Tom Hanks) and Joe Miller (played by Denzel Washington). It is through these two characters that the main message of the film is delivered. As the story goes on we see how each character reacts to the changes going on in their lives and in the lives of others. The first scripted scene of the movie is of Both Andy and Joe sitting side by side in a lawyers office. At this point we do not know much about either character but we are introduced to who they are. Although Joe is the character depicted as society and it is really through his character arc that we see the major changes, Andy has a serious transformation as well. Andy starts off the film as a regular guy who works in a law firm. All we see is that he is a corporate lawyer who w...